A while back, a friend of mine asked me a question, which has become the title of this post. At first I thought the question to be absurd, but as we discussed it further, I realized there was two really good sides to the argument. Good versus Evil, the struggle in one character? So I’m going to present both sides of the argument and allow you to come to your own conclusion.
Fëanor was evil.
This was the view point from my friend. She believed that he was undoubtedly an evil character due to the horrible deeds he performed. Her belief is, no matter the motivation behind the acts, no evil act could be performed by a character who was ever truly good. The most glaring example is the Kinslaying.
Backing up a bit, you must really read the chapters of The Silmarillion explaining the unrest and the rebellion of the Noldor to truly understand why these deeds took place. Fëanor was the most gifted of all the Eldar in all aspects. At the pinnacle of his might and skill he created the Silmarils: Three jewels that captured and immortalized the light of the Two Trees of Valinor. During the Feast of the Harvest, Fëanor was invited back to Valinor after being exiled to Formenos for drawing a sword on his half-brother Fingolfin. He leaves the Silmarils locked in his treasury in Formenos, knowing that Melkor coveted those jewels. While away in Valinor, Melkor comes to Formenos and kills Fëanor’s father, Finwë. Melkor also enlists the help of Ungoliant and together they destroy the Two Trees, this making the only remains of their light in the Silmarils.
Not knowing what transpired other than the Trees destruction, the Valar asked Fëanor for the Silmarils to resurrect of the Two Trees. Not knowing what had transpired, and being mistrustful of all around him when it concerned the Silmarils, Fëanor claims that to destroy the Silmarils would in the process destroy him. At that moment, a herald comes into the Ring of Doom and announces what transpired at Formenos. Fëanor, being filled with grief and rage, curses Melkor and renames him “Morgoth” or the “Black Enemy.”
The “Oath of Fëanor” is really telling on how his mood changed. The Oath states that they would “pursue with vengeance and hatred to the ends of the World Vala, Demon, Elf or Man as yet unborn or any creature, great or small, good or evil, that time should bring forth unto the end of days, whoso should hold or take or keep a Silmaril from their possession.” Because of the conditions of this Oath, the Kinslaying occurs. This was the first Elf versus Elf battle, and in my friend’s eyes the complete reason as to why Fëanor was truly evil. To do such unspeakable acts, and Fëanor does not seem to show any remorse afterwards, even until his death shortly there after. In my opinion, the Kinslaying was evil, but not the most unspeakably evil deed Fëanor performed. The burning of the Teleri ships and the abandonment of his brother Fingolfin in the ice bay of Helcaraxë was up there with the Kinslaying. He did to the Teleri ships what he was unable to do to the Silmarils and destroyed another’s greatest craft.
But could you truly say that he was wholly evil? Remember the motivation behind these deeds. His father was slain, first of all the Elves in Valinor. His greatest work was stolen from him, and in the same day he was asked to destroy them. He pursued both his father’s killer as well as the thief of his greatest treasure. Very valid reasons to pursue Morgoth, but valid enough to kill, betray and destroy?
Fëanor was good
Now this was the side another friend was arguing, mainly because of the motivation behind the deeds. Fëanor was not evil at his creation, but then again who is? He created many things to help his people. The Fëanorian Letters were still used well into the Third Age of Middle-earth. The gems and crafts he created were the most beautiful of all the works of his people. The Palatíri, or the Seven Seeing Stones, were also created by him and benefited people even as far as the Second and Third Age of Middle-earth. Someone who is evil could not have possibly created so much good. One could argue that the events that lead to the exile and eventual death of Fëanor were not wholly his fault, but instead were influenced entirely by the lies spread by Melkor after his imprisonment. Because Fëanor was acting out of an external influence, he himself could not wholly be evil. The grief and rage felt by Fëanor was due to the acts of another, thus furthering the external evil influence. In the whole debate, my friend continued to argue this point. The “Oath” was responsible for the Kinslaying, not entirely Fëanor himself. The “Oath” as well as the Doom of Mandos led to the betrayal of Fëanor to Fingolfin and the burning of the Telerin Ships.
There are some good points here. We often times talk about our children having bad influences, and we as parents strive to keep them away. Parents will sometimes blame these influences for the acts of their child, and not the child themselves. I remember many times as a kid, my parents would not allow me to hang out with certain friends, and when I would do something wrong the blame would fall on the influence as much as me. And I think that is the flaw with this ideal. While the influence may lead us to do certain things, it is still in the end OUR decision to act. Melkor might’ve spread his lies, but Fëanor listened to them, and because of the lies he did some unspeakable things. One could argue though that because of this killing of his father and the theft of the Silmarils, Fëanor had no choice but to act the way he did.
Fëanor was both
This was the side I eventually fell on. Going back to the previous section, I stated that nothing in the beginning is created evil. Melkor wasn’t created as an evil Vala, but because of his actions he became evil. Fëanor would thus fall under this category. I’m reminded of something that Professor Olsen spoke of in one of his Silmarillion lectures in his Washington College Tolkien Survey podcasts. He said that the Greatest in Tolkien’s mythology generally have the greatest “falls from grace.” This is true with Melkor, Fëanor, and many other afterwards (the Númenoreans being in there as well). Thus, he was a good character before, and his fall occurred right before the seat of Manwë when he eventually turned his eyes from others, and began to only think of himself by keeping the Silmarils. Thus the downward spiral that is Fëanor’s life began and eventually ended with his death in Middle-earth, never to have his vengeance. The Evil of Fëanor did not stop there however, but lived on through his horrible oath. His sons due to the Oath committed two more Kinslayings in Beleriand, and the mistrust of the Teleri caused them not to even step into Middle-earth during the War of Wrath. Because of Fëanor’s deeds at Alqualondë, Quenya was outlawed in Beleriand by King Thingol, who himself was a Teleri. But still, good could be gleaned from everything. Because of his rebellion, the great deeds of the First Age were caused to be. The Noldor arrived in Beleriand at the same time Orcs began to roam free throughout the region. If the Noldor had not arrived, would the Elves of Beleriand survived? The Noldor wouldn’t have even gone had it not been for Fëanor. These deeds were recorded due to the Letters that Fëanor created. Fëanor himself says that the deeds of the Noldor will be great, and worthy of song. The evil of Fëanor points back to something Ilúvatar says to Melkor during the Ainulindalë, and becomes the instrument of deeds more wonderful then Fëanor could ever imagine. But the Evil of Fëanor was always ever at work, and because of his deeds he will always be remembered as one of the greatest, but also the cause of much of the Eldar’s woe.
There is a silver lining for Fëanor. Redemption is available to him, and it is said that at the end of days, Fëanor himself will come back to the world and will break the Silmarils to allow the light to be used to bring about ages of Bliss. If only he had done it sooner!
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